Before backfill begins, what is the purpose of a subcontract flow-down clause?

Bid instructions require bid security with each sealed bid. Which purpose should the estimator associate with that requirement?

Two addenda revise the drawings before bid day. What must a responsive bidder normally do with those addenda?

An asphalt-shingle roof has a slope of 3:12. Under the IBC low-slope asphalt-shingle provisions, what underlayment arrangement is required?

A rooftop unit schedule lists capacity in tons of cooling. In HVAC estimating, one ton of cooling equals what heat-transfer rate?

The bid form asks for a base bid and three alternates. How should the contractor submit alternate pricing?

A specification includes a $40,000 hardware allowance because final selections are pending. How is the allowance treated in the bid?

The earthwork section requires unit prices for unsuitable-soil removal. What is the contract-administration use of those unit prices?

Before the first progress payment, the owner requests a schedule of values. What is its main contract-payment function?

A signed change order is issued for added lobby millwork. Which contract effect should it state?

On the finish plan, locate room R358; then use the finish schedule. What remarks is listed?