Closing costs are the fees paid at settlement on top of the price: lender fees, title and escrow, prepaid taxes and insurance, recording, and any points. For a buyer they usually run 2–5% of the price; this calculator itemizes them from the price, the loan and the state so the number is not a surprise.
Key facts
Buyer closing costs = lender fees + appraisal + title and settlement + recording + prepaid interest + escrow reserves (taxes and insurance), usually 2% to 5% of the price. Seller closing costs = commissions + transfer tax + title fees + prorated taxes + concessions.
About $10,055, or 2.5% of the price, before any points or HOA transfer fees. The calculator itemizes each line for the state you choose.
Both, for different items. The buyer pays the lender, appraisal, lender’s title policy, recording and the escrow reserves. The seller pays the commissions, transfer tax where the state assigns it, and the owner’s title policy in many states. Any of it can be shifted in the contract as a seller concession.
Prepaids are expenses paid in advance rather than fees: interest from the closing date to the end of the month, the first year of homeowners insurance, and a few months of property tax to seed the escrow account. They are the buyer’s money, held to pay bills that come due later.
On a purchase, closing costs usually cannot be added to a conventional loan because the loan is capped by the appraised value. They can be covered by a seller credit, by a lender credit in exchange for a higher rate, or by down-payment assistance. On a refinance, costs are commonly rolled into the new balance.
Last reviewed September 8, 2026 by the EstatePass editorial team. Formulas and program limits are checked against the published rules; figures on this page are arithmetic, not market statistics.
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