The hierarchy of calls in a boundary dispute generally places:
Correct Answer
B) Natural monuments over artificial ones, both over distances
Why this is correct: In resolving boundary disputes, courts prioritize the evidence the original surveyor most likely relied upon to determine the grantor's intent. The established hierarchy is: 1) natural monuments (e.g., rivers, trees), 2) artificial monuments (e.g., stakes, roads), 3) courses and distances (e.g., '200 feet west'), and 4) stated area or acreage, which is the least reliable. Why the other choices are wrong: 'Stated acreage above all other calls' is incorrect because acreage is considered the weakest call and is subordinate to monuments and distances. 'Courses and distances above all monuments' is wrong because courses and distances are subordinate to both natural and artificial monuments. 'The most recent survey performed above the original one' is incorrect because the original survey and its calls control; a later survey cannot alter the original boundaries. Exam tip: Remember the order: Natural monuments > Artificial monuments > Courses & Distances > Area. Think 'NADA' as a mnemonic.
Why This Is the Correct Answer
Why this is correct: In resolving boundary disputes, courts prioritize the evidence the original surveyor most likely relied upon to determine the grantor's intent. The established hierarchy is: 1) natural monuments (e.g., rivers, trees), 2) artificial monuments (e.g., stakes, roads), 3) courses and distances (e.g., '200 feet west'), and 4) stated area or acreage, which is the least reliable. Why the other choices are wrong: 'Stated acreage above all other calls' is incorrect because acreage is considered the weakest call and is subordinate to monuments and distances. 'Courses and distances above all monuments' is wrong because courses and distances are subordinate to both natural and artificial monuments. 'The most recent survey performed above the original one' is incorrect because the original survey and its calls control; a later survey cannot alter the original boundaries. Exam tip: Remember the order: Natural monuments > Artificial monuments > Courses & Distances > Area. Think 'NADA' as a mnemonic.
More Property Description Questions
A property is located in FEMA flood zone AE with a base flood elevation of 485 feet. The lowest floor is at 487 feet. What is the significance for the appraisal?
In a leasehold estate, the tenant's interest in the property is called:
A ground lease typically involves:
An appraisal of a rented single-family home where the lease runs another four years at below-market rent is valuing which interest, from the owner's side?
A duplex operates legally in a zone later rezoned single-family. What is its status, and the key appraisal question?
Which component carries roof loads down to the foundation in a typical wood-framed house?
A property owner wants to operate a daycare center in an area zoned for single-family residential use. What would they most likely need to obtain?
A deed restriction that prohibits the construction of fences over 4 feet in height is an example of:
Room count in residential appraisal conventionally excludes:
Type I construction classification typically refers to buildings with:
People Also Study
Real Estate Market
13.6% of exam
Land or Site Valuation
4.5% of exam
Sales Comparison Approach
16.4% of exam
Cost Approach
13.6% of exam
Income Approach
8.2% of exam
Previous Question
A property includes a detached garage with an interior area of 24 ft × 20 ft, finished with drywall, heat, and electrical service identical to the residence. It is connected to the house by a covered, enclosed breezeway. According to ANSI Z765-2021, how is this garage treated in the calculation of gross living area (GLA)?
Next Question
A finished, permitted garage conversion matches the house in quality and is heated. For GLA purposes most standards would: