The hierarchy of calls in a boundary dispute generally places:
Correct Answer
B) Natural monuments over artificial ones, both over distances
Why this is correct: In resolving boundary disputes, courts prioritize the evidence the original surveyor most likely relied upon to determine the grantor's intent. The established hierarchy is: 1) natural monuments (e.g., rivers, trees), 2) artificial monuments (e.g., stakes, roads), 3) courses and distances (e.g., '200 feet west'), and 4) stated area or acreage, which is the least reliable. Why the other choices are wrong: 'Stated acreage above all other calls' is incorrect because acreage is considered the weakest call and is subordinate to monuments and distances. 'Courses and distances above all monuments' is wrong because courses and distances are subordinate to both natural and artificial monuments. 'The most recent survey performed above the original one' is incorrect because the original survey and its calls control; a later survey cannot alter the original boundaries. Exam tip: Remember the order: Natural monuments > Artificial monuments > Courses & Distances > Area. Think 'NADA' as a mnemonic.
Why This Is the Correct Answer
Why this is correct: In resolving boundary disputes, courts prioritize the evidence the original surveyor most likely relied upon to determine the grantor's intent. The established hierarchy is: 1) natural monuments (e.g., rivers, trees), 2) artificial monuments (e.g., stakes, roads), 3) courses and distances (e.g., '200 feet west'), and 4) stated area or acreage, which is the least reliable. Why the other choices are wrong: 'Stated acreage above all other calls' is incorrect because acreage is considered the weakest call and is subordinate to monuments and distances. 'Courses and distances above all monuments' is wrong because courses and distances are subordinate to both natural and artificial monuments. 'The most recent survey performed above the original one' is incorrect because the original survey and its calls control; a later survey cannot alter the original boundaries. Exam tip: Remember the order: Natural monuments > Artificial monuments > Courses & Distances > Area. Think 'NADA' as a mnemonic.
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