In a metes and bounds legal description, the term 'metes' refers to:
Correct Answer
B) Distances and directions
Why this is correct: In a metes and bounds description, 'metes' refers to the measured distances (e.g., feet, chains) and directions (e.g., bearings, angles) between successive points (monuments) along the boundary. Why the other choices are wrong: "Property boundary corners" are points defined by metes and bounds. "Survey monuments and markers" are physical objects referenced in the description. "Natural and artificial landmarks" relate more to 'bounds,' which are the fixed reference points or features. Exam tip: Metes = Measures (distance/direction). Bounds = Boundaries (landmarks).
Why This Is the Correct Answer
Option B is correct because 'metes' specifically refers to the measurement components of the description - the distances (like 150 feet, 200 yards) and directions (like North 45° East, South 30° West). These measurements provide the precise linear and angular data needed to trace property boundaries. The word 'metes' comes from the Latin word 'metiri' meaning 'to measure,' which directly relates to the quantifiable aspects of distance and direction. Without these specific measurements, a property description would be too vague to be legally sufficient.
Why the Other Options Are Wrong
Option A: Property boundary corners
Property boundary corners are specific points where boundary lines meet, but 'metes' refers to the measurements between these points, not the corners themselves. The corners would be considered part of the 'bounds' system as reference points.
Option C: Survey monuments and markers
Survey monuments and markers are physical reference points used in surveying, but they are not what 'metes' refers to. These would be more closely related to 'bounds' as they serve as landmarks or reference points rather than measurements.
Option D: Natural and artificial landmarks
Option D describes 'bounds,' not 'metes.' Natural landmarks (rivers, trees, rock formations) and artificial landmarks (roads, fences, buildings) are the reference points that help establish and verify property boundaries, but they are not the measurement components.
METES = MEASUREMENTS
Remember: METES sounds like METERS (measurement). Think 'Metes = Measurements' and 'Bounds = Boundaries/landmarks.' You can also use: 'Metes Measure Miles' and 'Bounds mark Boundaries.'
How to use: When you see a question about metes and bounds, immediately think: if it asks about METES, look for the answer involving numbers, distances, or directions. If it asks about BOUNDS, look for landmarks, monuments, or physical reference points.
Exam Tip
On exam day, if you see 'metes and bounds' questions, quickly write 'Metes = Measurements (distances/directions)' and 'Bounds = Boundaries (landmarks)' in your scratch work to keep the distinction clear throughout the exam.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- -Confusing metes with bounds - thinking metes refers to landmarks instead of measurements
- -Assuming survey monuments are 'metes' when they are actually reference points (bounds)
- -Forgetting that metes includes both distance AND direction components, not just distance
Concept Deep Dive
Analysis
Metes and bounds is one of the oldest and most precise methods of property description, commonly used in the original 13 colonies and areas not covered by the rectangular survey system. The system works by starting at a known point of beginning and following a series of directions and distances around the perimeter of the property until returning to the starting point. Understanding the distinction between 'metes' (measurements) and 'bounds' (boundaries/landmarks) is fundamental to interpreting these legal descriptions. This method creates a detailed written 'walk around' the property that can be followed by surveyors to recreate exact boundary lines.
Background Knowledge
Metes and bounds descriptions are legal property descriptions that use a combination of measurements (metes) and landmarks (bounds) to define property boundaries. This system requires understanding that 'metes' always involves numerical measurements - both linear distances and angular directions - while 'bounds' involves physical reference points that can be observed in the field.
Real-World Application
When appraising rural properties or older urban properties in original colonies, appraisers frequently encounter metes and bounds descriptions in deeds. Understanding these descriptions helps appraisers verify property boundaries, calculate accurate square footage, and identify any potential boundary disputes that could affect property value.
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