In a metes and bounds description, the term 'metes' refers to:
Correct Answer
B) Direction and distance
Why this is correct: In a metes and bounds description, 'metes' specifically refers to the measured distances and directional courses (e.g., 'North 45 degrees East 200 feet') that define the boundary lines. Why the other choices are wrong: "Survey monuments" are physical markers, which are part of the description but not the definition of 'metes'. "Natural and artificial landmarks" relate to 'bounds', not 'metes'. "The point of beginning" is the starting and ending point of the description, not the meaning of 'metes'. Exam tip: Metes = Measurements; Bounds = Boundaries.
Why This Is the Correct Answer
The term 'metes' specifically refers to the measurement aspects of a property description - the directions (such as North 45° East) and distances (such as 100 feet) that define the property lines. These measurements provide the precise mathematical framework that allows surveyors and appraisers to locate and map property boundaries accurately. The word 'metes' comes from the Latin word 'metiri' meaning 'to measure,' which reinforces its connection to the quantitative aspects of property description.
Why the Other Options Are Wrong
Option A: Survey monuments
Survey monuments are physical markers placed by surveyors and fall under the category of 'bounds' rather than 'metes.' These monuments serve as reference points and boundaries, but they are not the direction and distance measurements that define metes.
Option C: Natural and artificial landmarks
Natural and artificial landmarks describe 'bounds,' not 'metes.' Bounds are the physical markers such as rivers, roads, fence lines, or survey monuments that serve as reference points for property boundaries, while metes provide the mathematical measurements between these points.
Option D: The point of beginning
The point of beginning (POB) is neither metes nor bounds, but rather the starting reference point for a metes and bounds description. It's typically a well-established survey monument or landmark from which all measurements begin and to which they must return to close the property description.
METES = MEASURES
Remember 'METES = MEASURES' - both words start with 'ME' and relate to mathematical measurements. Think 'Metes Measure' for direction and distance, while 'Bounds are Boundaries' using physical landmarks.
How to use: When you see a question about metes and bounds, immediately think 'Metes Measure' to remember that metes deals with the numerical/mathematical aspects (direction and distance), while bounds deals with physical markers and landmarks.
Exam Tip
If you see 'metes and bounds' questions, quickly write 'Metes = Direction & Distance' and 'Bounds = Landmarks' at the top of your scratch paper to avoid confusion during the exam.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- -Confusing metes with bounds and thinking metes refers to landmarks
- -Believing that metes refers only to distance without including direction
- -Thinking that the point of beginning is part of either metes or bounds rather than a separate reference point
Concept Deep Dive
Analysis
Metes and bounds is one of the oldest and most precise methods of property description used in real estate. The system divides into two distinct components: 'metes' which provides the mathematical measurements (direction and distance), and 'bounds' which establishes the physical boundaries using landmarks. This method creates a closed polygon by following a series of directional courses and distances that return to the point of beginning. Understanding the distinction between these two components is crucial for appraisers when interpreting legal descriptions and determining property boundaries.
Background Knowledge
Metes and bounds descriptions are the primary method of property description in many eastern states and areas not covered by the Public Land Survey System. This system requires understanding both the measurement components (metes) and the boundary markers (bounds) to create legally sufficient property descriptions.
Real-World Application
When appraising a property with a metes and bounds description, appraisers must interpret the legal description to understand property boundaries, verify the property size for comparison purposes, and ensure they're appraising the correct parcel by following the directional courses and distances from the point of beginning.
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