A subcontractor completes electrical work on a Tennessee project but is not paid by the general contractor. The project owner paid the general contractor in full. Can the subcontractor file a lien against the property?
Correct Answer
D) Yes - but limited to unpaid amount owed to general contractor
Under Tennessee lien law, subcontractors can file liens but recovery is limited to amounts still owed to the general contractor by the owner.
Why This Is the Correct Answer
Under Tennessee lien law, a subcontractor retains the right to file a mechanic's lien against the property even when the owner has paid the general contractor. However, the subcontractor's recovery is limited to the amount still owed by the owner to the general contractor at the time notice was given. Since the owner paid in full, recovery may be limited — but the lien right itself exists and is capped by that unpaid balance concept.
Why the Other Options Are Wrong
Option A: Yes - for full amount owed by general contractor
The subcontractor cannot lien for the full amount owed by the general contractor if the owner has already paid. The lien is limited to amounts that remain unpaid by the owner to the GC at the relevant time — not the entire GC-to-subcontractor debt.
Option B: Only if preliminary notice was filed
Tennessee does not require subcontractors to file a preliminary notice as a prerequisite to lien rights (unlike states such as California). The absence of a preliminary notice does not bar the lien in Tennessee.
Option C: No - owner has no liability
The owner is not entirely shielded from lien exposure simply because they paid the general contractor. Tennessee law protects subcontractors with lien rights — owners must be aware that paying the GC does not automatically extinguish subcontractor claims.
Memory Technique
Think of Tennessee lien law as a 'chain of money': the sub can reach up the chain to lien the property, but only grab what was left unpaid between owner and GC. Full payment by the owner limits (but does not eliminate) the sub's lien target.
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