Laws of Agency

For the Louisiana state portion, how should a candidate analyze a licensee conducts an open house and answers questions about the property?

Which Louisiana rule applies when a dual agent knows confidential information about one client?

Which Louisiana rule applies when information from a client could materially harm that client bargaining position if disclosed?

A Louisiana salesperson asks about a dual agent knows latent material defects in the property. What is the best answer?

A Louisiana licensee encounters a client signs the LREC-prepared dual agency disclosure form. What should the licensee remember?

In Louisiana, a licensee represents a seller client or buyer client. Which statement is correct?

Which Louisiana rule applies when a broker receives or is promised compensation?

A Louisiana salesperson asks about a licensee representing a client receives offers. What is the best answer?

A Louisiana salesperson asks about a person engages professional advice and services of a licensee as an agent. What is the best answer?

For the Louisiana state portion, how should a candidate analyze a person is not represented by a licensee but receives ministerial acts?

A Louisiana sponsoring broker reviews a dual agent knows a seller bottom-line price or buyer top price. Which answer follows Louisiana law?

In Louisiana, a licensee acts as a dual agent. Which statement is correct?

For the Louisiana state portion, how should a candidate analyze an agency relationship terminates, expires, or is completed?

A Louisiana sponsoring broker reviews a client tries to keep material information about the physical condition of property confidential. Which answer follows Louisiana law?

A Louisiana licensee encounters a licensee is working with a client in a real estate transaction and there is no written agreement providing another relationship. What should the licensee remember?

A Louisiana sponsoring broker reviews a conversation reaches the point where confidential information is solicited or received. Which answer follows Louisiana law?

A Louisiana salesperson asks about false information given to a customer came from the licensee client or client agent and the licensee lacked actual knowledge it was false. What is the best answer?

A Louisiana sponsoring broker reviews a seller agent shows alternative properties to prospective buyers. Which answer follows Louisiana law?

Which Louisiana rule applies when a licensee sets an appointment for a person to view property?

In Louisiana, the definition of agency is tested. Which statement is correct?

A Texas broker may appoint licensed associates to work with parties in an intermediary relationship. These appointees are called:

In Texas, an intermediary is a broker who:

Under Texas law, which party can an appointed licensee in an intermediary relationship advise?

Which disclosure must a Texas real estate agent provide to all parties?

Which relationship allows a Texas broker to represent both buyer and seller with their consent?

In Texas, when must the IABS form be provided?

A Texas broker acting as an intermediary may NOT:

A Texas real estate agent must disclose to all parties:

In Texas, a broker's sponsoring relationship with a sales agent is:

Dual agency in Texas is:

In Texas, a broker's fiduciary duties to a client include all of the following EXCEPT:

Under Texas law, a listing agreement must be in writing to be enforceable because of the:

A seller's agent in Texas owes which duty to buyers?

What is the primary purpose of the Information About Brokerage Services (IABS) form in Texas?

When must a sponsored licensee in Illinois provide the Agency Disclosure Act pamphlet to a prospective client?

An Illinois real estate licensee is showing properties to a prospective buyer. At what point must the licensee provide written agency disclosure?

Arizona agency disclosure must be provided:

Indiana broker Priya is hosting an open house for a listed property. A visitor named Greg asks Priya detailed questions about the seller's motivation to sell and the lowest price the seller would accept. Priya has not yet provided Greg with the written agency disclosure. Which of the following best describes Priya's obligations and risks in this situation under Indiana law?

Broker Lisa calls a homeowner named Mr. Chen to discuss listing his property. During the call, they discuss the general market conditions, the approximate value of Mr. Chen's home, and the services Lisa's firm provides. Mr. Chen has not yet signed a listing agreement. Under Indiana law, which of the following is true regarding the written agency disclosure?

Tom is a licensed Indiana broker working under Managing Broker Linda. Tom shows a home to a buyer client and provides the Indiana written agency disclosure. The buyer signs the form. Under Indiana law, who is responsible for retaining the signed disclosure form?

Sarah, a licensed Indiana broker, meets a prospective buyer named Marcus at an open house. Marcus asks Sarah several questions about the neighborhood and the list price of the home. At what point during this interaction is Sarah required to provide Marcus with the Indiana written agency disclosure?

Indiana broker Rachel is a buyer's agent representing David in purchasing a home. At the first showing, Rachel provides David with the Indiana written agency disclosure, which David signs. Later, the transaction involves a seller who is represented by Broker Paul. Paul never provided his seller client with an written agency disclosure. Under Indiana law, what is the consequence of Paul's failure?

Indiana broker Kevin is working with a buyer who is interested in a property listed by Kevin's own firm. Kevin's managing broker designates Kevin to represent the buyer and another broker in the firm to represent the seller. Under Indiana law, which of the following best describes this arrangement and its disclosure requirements?

Broker Michael is a licensed Indiana broker who also holds a real estate license in Ohio, where the entry-level license is called a 'salesperson.' Michael is working on an Indiana transaction and tells his client that he is a 'salesperson' acting as a buyer's agent. He provides the written agency disclosure listing his role as 'salesperson.' Which of the following is true under Indiana law?

According to Indiana's Agency Relationships in Real Estate Transactions Act, when must a licensee first provide the written agency disclosure to a prospective buyer or seller?

Broker Angela represents the seller in a residential transaction. Broker Derek, from a different firm, represents the buyer. When Derek brings his buyer client to view Angela's listing, which of the following correctly describes the agency disclosure obligations under Indiana law?

Under Indiana's Agency Relationships in Real Estate Transactions Act, which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between the Indiana written agency disclosure and the establishment of an actual agency relationship?

Under Indiana's Agency Relationships in Real Estate Transactions Act (IC 25-34.1-10), all of the following statements about the written agency disclosure are correct EXCEPT:

Under Washington's Law of Real Estate Agency (RCW 18.86), which of the following is NOT a duty that a licensee owes to their client?

In Washington State, the agency disclosure pamphlet required under RCW 18.86 is intended to inform consumers of which of the following?

Broker Maria meets a prospective buyer, Tom, at an open house. During their conversation, Tom mentions he is looking for a three-bedroom home in the $450,000 range and asks Maria several questions about the neighborhood. Under RCW 18.86, what is Maria's obligation at this point?

Under Washington's Law of Real Estate Agency (RCW 18.86), when must a licensee first provide the agency disclosure pamphlet to a prospective buyer or seller?

Washington broker Lisa is representing buyer Greg in his search for a home. Greg tells Lisa that he is going through a difficult divorce and urgently needs to purchase a home before a court deadline, and that he would pay almost any price to close quickly. Later, Lisa finds a property listed by her own brokerage, creating a potential dual agency situation. Under RCW 18.86, what must Lisa do before proceeding as a dual agent?

Washington broker Nina is a designated broker at a firm. Broker Alex, one of her affiliated brokers, represents seller Owen. Another affiliated broker at the same firm, Broker Beth, represents buyer Priya. Neither Alex nor Beth is representing both parties. Under RCW 18.86, which statement BEST describes this arrangement?

Washington's agency disclosure requirement under RCW 18.86 differs significantly from the approach used in most other states. Which statement BEST captures this Washington-specific distinction?

Washington licensee Tom is contacted by email by a prospective seller, Helen, who asks general questions about the home selling process and current market conditions in her zip code. Tom responds with general market statistics and a description of the listing process. No specific property is discussed. Under RCW 18.86, has first substantive contact occurred that would require Tom to provide the agency disclosure pamphlet?

A Washington licensee named Kevin receives a phone call from a seller, Linda, who wants to list her home. During the call, Linda describes the property and asks Kevin about his marketing plan and commission structure. Kevin schedules a listing appointment for the following day. Under RCW 18.86, when must Kevin provide the agency disclosure pamphlet to Linda?

Broker Sandra is a seller's agent representing the Johnsons in the sale of their Seattle home. A prospective buyer, Mr. Chen, visits the property unrepresented and asks Sandra several questions about the home's condition and the sellers' motivation. Sandra shows him the property and discusses the neighborhood. Under Washington's agency law, which statement BEST describes Sandra's obligations to Mr. Chen?

Washington licensee Fiona is a buyer's agent representing client Hector. During negotiations, the seller's agent asks Fiona whether Hector would be willing to waive the inspection contingency to make the offer more competitive. Hector has told Fiona in confidence that he is willing to waive inspection if necessary. Under RCW 18.86, what should Fiona do?

Under Washington's statutory agency framework (RCW 18.86), which of the following BEST describes the distinction between the duties owed to a 'client' versus the duties owed to a 'customer'?

Washington broker James represents seller Patricia in listing her Bellevue condominium. A buyer's broker, Diana, contacts James to schedule a showing. During their phone call, Diana mentions that her buyer client is highly motivated and must close within 30 days due to a job relocation. James relays this information to Patricia. Under RCW 18.86, which statement BEST describes James's conduct?

A Washington real estate licensee is working with a buyer who is looking for investment properties. The buyer has not signed a buyer-broker agreement. During their first meeting, the buyer shares his financial goals and asks the licensee to explain the difference between representing him as a client versus working with him as a customer. Under RCW 18.86, what is the licensee's FIRST obligation at this meeting?

Licensee Rachel is working at a real estate brokerage open house. A couple, the Garcias, walk in and begin asking Rachel about the home's price, the school district, and whether the sellers would accept a lower offer. Rachel answers their questions but does not provide the agency disclosure pamphlet. Later, the Garcias decide to make an offer and ask Rachel to represent them as their buyer's agent. Which statement BEST describes Rachel's situation?

Washington licensee Paul represents a buyer, Amy, under a written buyer-broker agreement. During a showing of a listed property, Paul meets the listing broker, Susan. Susan has never met Amy before and this is their first interaction about this specific transaction. Under RCW 18.86, what is Susan's obligation regarding the agency disclosure pamphlet?

Washington licensee Carlos is a dual agent in a transaction where he represents both seller Maria and buyer David. David confides to Carlos that he is willing to pay up to $580,000 for the property, though his written offer is for $540,000. Maria has told Carlos she would accept $550,000. Under RCW 18.86, how must Carlos handle this confidential information?

Under Washington's Law of Real Estate Agency (RCW 18.86.060), which of the following is NOT a restriction placed on a licensee acting as a dual agent?

In Indiana, the written agency disclosure must be provided:

Under Indiana law, which statement best describes the disclosure a broker must make about agency status?

In January 2026, Blake Lopez is reviewing Illinois rules on agency disclosures and compensation policy notices in Oak Park. Each statement below reflects the current Illinois rule EXCEPT:

Which of the following statements about Illinois agency disclosure and compensation policy rules is NOT accurate?

During a brokerage meeting in Normal, Taylor Jenkins asks what Illinois requires a licensee to disclose to a client about compensation policy. What is the best answer under current Illinois law or practice?

In November 2026, Hayden Iverson asks when the dual-agency disclosure form must be presented to a client. What is the most accurate answer under current Illinois rules?

Under Illinois law, a sponsoring broker has an ongoing written brokerage agreement with a buyer-client. The buyer identifies a property, and the listing broker is from the same brokerage. Which of the following correctly describes the sponsoring broker's disclosure obligations in this situation?

In October 2026, Logan Griffin asks what Illinois requires a licensee to disclose to a client about compensation policy. What is the most accurate answer under current Illinois rules?

Under Illinois law, when must a brokerage present the dual-agency disclosure form to a client?

In February 2026, Jordan Hayes is working with a consumer but no written agreement sets a different agency relationship. What is the most accurate answer under current Illinois rules?

Under Illinois law, when must a sponsoring broker establish a brokerage relationship in writing?

Which answer best states the Illinois rule on written brokerage agreement as tested in agency disclosures and compensation policy notices?

During a brokerage meeting in Springfield, Riley Sullivan asks what Illinois requires a licensee to disclose to a client about compensation policy. What is the best answer under current Illinois law or practice?

In Peoria, an Illinois exam-prep memo in June 2026 gives this example: Morgan Diaz asks when a written brokerage agreement is required in Illinois. Which response is correct?

Which answer best states the Illinois rule on third party compensation and referral as tested in agency disclosures and compensation policy notices?

During a brokerage meeting in Rockford, Parker Lopez asks when the dual-agency disclosure form must be presented to a client. What is the best answer under current Illinois law or practice?

During a brokerage meeting in Decatur, Parker Foster is working with a consumer but no written agreement sets a different agency relationship. What is the best answer under current Illinois law or practice?

At a brokerage compliance review focused on agency disclosures and compensation policy notices in Winnebago County, these statements are discussed. Which statement below is NOT accurate for current Illinois practice or law?

In May 2026, Avery Foster plans to refer a client to a third-party service provider in which the licensee has an ownership interest. What is the most accurate answer under current Illinois rules?

Under Illinois law, when must a dual agency disclosure be presented to a client, and when must it be signed?

Drew Hayes is reviewing an Illinois issue in Chicago. The person plans to refer a client to a third-party service provider in which the licensee has an ownership interest. Which statement best applies?

Under Illinois law, what agency relationship applies to a consumer when no written agreement establishes a different arrangement?

For the Maine Sales Agent law portion under Law of Agency/Brokerage, a brokerage agency enters into a brokerage agreement with a buyer or seller client. Which statement is correct?

West Virginia recognizes which agency relationships?

West Virginia continuing education requirements are:

Dual agency in West Virginia requires:

West Virginia real estate licensees are regulated by the:

West Virginia requires agency disclosure:

Nevada requires the Duties Owed disclosure:

West Virginia requires how many hours of pre-license education?

In Nevada, representing both parties requires:

Under the Illinois Real Estate License Act, which of the following actions would most clearly qualify as a ministerial act?

Under Illinois law, which statement most accurately describes the core duty structure a licensee owes to a represented client?

Under the Illinois Real Estate License Act, which of the following most accurately describes the core duties a licensee owes to a represented client?

A sponsored licensee in Illinois begins working with a consumer, but no written brokerage agreement has been executed. Under the Illinois Real Estate License Act of 2000, how is that consumer classified by default?

Under Illinois real estate law, when must a sponsoring broker's brokerage relationship be documented in a written brokerage agreement?

Under the Illinois Real Estate License Act of 2000, which statement best defines a ministerial act?

Under Illinois law, is every consumer who receives services from a licensee automatically treated as a client?

Each of the following statements accurately describes Illinois agency law EXCEPT:

Under Illinois law, which statement best describes the core duties a licensee owes to a seller client?

Under the Illinois Real Estate License Act, which statement correctly describes what a licensee owes to a customer who is not represented by that licensee?

Under Illinois law, when must a sponsoring broker establish a brokerage relationship in writing?

Under Illinois law, what is the default agency relationship when a sponsoring broker begins working with a consumer and no written brokerage agreement specifies a different arrangement?

Each of the following statements accurately reflects Illinois law on agency relationships and written brokerage agreements EXCEPT:

Under Illinois law, what type of agency relationship applies by default when a sponsoring broker has not established a different relationship through a written brokerage agreement?

Under Illinois real estate law, is every person who receives services from a licensee automatically considered a client?

Under current Illinois agency law, which of the following statements is NOT accurate?

Under the Illinois Real Estate License Act of 2000, which statement most accurately describes when a written brokerage agreement is required?

Under the Illinois Real Estate License Act, when is a sponsoring broker required to use a written brokerage agreement?

Under Illinois law, is a consumer who receives services from a licensee always considered a client?

Under the Illinois Real Estate License Act of 2000, if a licensee is working with a consumer and no written brokerage agreement has been executed, how is that consumer classified by default?

Under Alaska real estate regulations, what is the term for a licensee who represents BOTH the buyer and the seller in the same transaction with the written informed consent of both parties?

Sales Associate Derek in Norman, Oklahoma is working with buyer Sandra to find a home. Derek has not signed a written buyer representation agreement with Sandra, but he has been showing her properties and providing advice for three weeks. Under Oklahoma agency law, which statement most accurately describes Derek's agency status with Sandra?

Salesperson Keola is a buyer's agent in Hawaii. His client, buyer Priya, is interested in a leasehold property. The seller's agent informs Keola that the property is held under the Land Court system. Keola's client asks him to explain the difference between Land Court title and Regular System (Bureau of Conveyances) title. Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the distinction Keola should explain?

Agent Carlos works at Bayside Realty and has been showing buyer Elena homes for three weeks under a signed buyer agency agreement. Carlos finds a property listed by a different agent at Bayside Realty, agent Priya, who represents the seller. The broker at Bayside Realty wants to keep both sides of the transaction in-house. Which arrangement would allow Carlos to continue representing Elena exclusively while Priya continues representing the seller exclusively under Rhode Island law?

Under Alabama law, when must a licensee first disclose their agency status to a prospective buyer who contacts them about a listed property?

A buyer, Kenji, has signed a buyer's agency agreement with Salesperson Noa in Hawaii. Noa discovers that a property Kenji is interested in is a leasehold property with a ground lease expiring in 18 years. Noa knows that leasehold properties with short remaining terms can be difficult to finance and typically sell at a significant discount. What is Noa's obligation regarding this information?

A Hawaii real estate salesperson, Moana, is working with a buyer who is interested in purchasing a property that includes a parcel with traditional Native Hawaiian gathering and access rights running across it. Moana's buyer is not aware of these rights. What is Moana's obligation as the buyer's agent?

Under Alaska agency law, which of the following is NOT a fiduciary duty owed by a buyer's agent to a buyer client?

Broker Susan at Coastal Realty in Rhode Island is approached by both seller Mark and buyer Nina, who want Susan to represent them both in the same transaction. Susan obtains written informed consent from Mark but only verbal consent from Nina before proceeding. Under Rhode Island law, which of the following best describes this situation?

Under Rhode Island's Agency Disclosure Act, which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between dual agency and designated agency regarding the broker's role?

Broker Nani in Hawaii has a listing agreement with seller Tomoko. A buyer, Rafael, contacts Nani directly without any buyer's agent and wants to make an offer on Tomoko's property. Nani has not entered into a buyer's agency agreement with Rafael. After providing the required agency disclosure form, Rafael asks Nani to help him prepare an offer. In this situation, Nani is most likely acting in which capacity with respect to Rafael?

Salesperson Aloha works for Broker Sunset Realty in Hawaii. Aloha has a buyer's agency agreement with client Mei. Broker Sunset Realty also has a listing agreement with seller Koa for a property Mei wants to buy. Broker Sunset Realty wants to proceed with designated agency. Which of the following correctly describes a key limitation that applies to the designated agents in this arrangement under Hawaii law?

Salesperson Kai represents buyer Lena in Hawaii. During negotiations, Lena tells Kai that she is pre-approved for $800,000 but is willing to offer $750,000 first, hoping to negotiate up to $780,000 at most. The seller's agent, Broker Hana, asks Kai directly: 'What is the highest price your buyer will pay?' How should Kai respond?

Broker Elena operates an independent brokerage in New Jersey. She lists a property for seller Mr. Webb and also signs a buyer representation agreement with Ms. Park, who wants to purchase Mr. Webb's property. Elena discloses the dual agency situation in writing and obtains signed consent from both Mr. Webb and Ms. Park. Which of the following fiduciary duties is Elena MOST restricted in fulfilling once dual agency is established?

Broker Linda in South Dakota has a listing agreement with seller David for his Sioux Falls property. Buyer Carol, who is not represented by any agent, contacts Linda directly and wants to purchase the property. Linda facilitates the transaction and assists Carol with paperwork without entering into a buyer representation agreement. In this situation, Carol is best described as which of the following?

Sarah is a licensed salesperson working under Broker Tom in Anchorage. A seller lists her home with Broker Tom's office, and Sarah is assigned to represent the seller exclusively. Under Alaska law, what type of agency relationship does Sarah have with the seller?

Under Oklahoma's agency disclosure requirements, when must a licensee provide the written agency disclosure to a prospective buyer who is being shown a listed property for the first time?

Under Hawaii law, which of the following situations would NOT require a licensee to obtain informed written consent from both parties before proceeding with the transaction?

Buyer Tasha is working with Alabama licensee Victor, who has disclosed in writing that he represents the seller. Tasha has not signed any buyer agency agreement. Victor assists Tasha by answering her questions about the property and helping her schedule inspections, but he does not advocate for her negotiating position. Under Alabama law, what is Victor's relationship with Tasha?

Agent Diane at Oceanview Realty in Rhode Island represents buyer Kevin under a written buyer agency agreement. All of the following are fiduciary duties Diane owes Kevin as his buyer's agent EXCEPT: