Laws of Agency

For the Louisiana state portion, how should a candidate analyze a licensee representing a client receives money or property in which the client has or may have an interest?

Which Louisiana rule applies when a dual agent knows confidential information about one client?

Which Louisiana rule applies when information from a client could materially harm that client bargaining position if disclosed?

A Louisiana salesperson asks about a dual agent knows latent material defects in the property. What is the best answer?

For the Louisiana state portion, how should a candidate analyze a dual agent knows the buyer or tenant financial qualification?

Which Louisiana rule applies when a licensee performs brokerage services for a client?

A Louisiana salesperson asks about false information given to a customer came from the licensee client or client agent and the licensee lacked actual knowledge it was false. What is the best answer?

Which Louisiana rule applies when a broker receives or is promised compensation?

A Louisiana licensee encounters dual agency consent timing is tested. What should the licensee remember?

A Louisiana salesperson asks about a licensee responds to a phone inquiry about availability, price, or location of property. What is the best answer?

A Louisiana sponsoring broker reviews a dual agent knows a seller bottom-line price or buyer top price. Which answer follows Louisiana law?

For the Louisiana state portion, how should a candidate analyze an agency relationship terminates, expires, or is completed?

Which Louisiana rule applies when a licensee sets an appointment for a person to view property?

In Louisiana, a licensee works with both buyer and seller or both landlord and tenant in the same transaction. Which statement is correct?

In Louisiana, a licensee performs ministerial acts for a customer. Which statement is correct?

A Louisiana licensee encounters a licensee is working with a client in a real estate transaction and there is no written agreement providing another relationship. What should the licensee remember?

A Louisiana salesperson asks about a person engages professional advice and services of a licensee as an agent. What is the best answer?

In Louisiana, a licensee acts as a dual agent. Which statement is correct?

A Louisiana licensee encounters a client signs the LREC-prepared dual agency disclosure form. What should the licensee remember?

A Louisiana licensee encounters a licensee represents a client. What should the licensee remember?

In Texas, an intermediary is a broker who:

In Texas, a broker's fiduciary duties to a client include all of the following EXCEPT:

A Texas real estate agent must disclose to all parties:

A Texas broker may appoint licensed associates to work with parties in an intermediary relationship. These appointees are called:

What is the primary purpose of the Information About Brokerage Services (IABS) form in Texas?

Under Texas law, a listing agreement must be in writing to be enforceable because of the:

Dual agency in Texas is:

In Texas, a broker's sponsoring relationship with a sales agent is:

Under Texas law, which party can an appointed licensee in an intermediary relationship advise?

In Texas, when must the IABS form be provided?

Which disclosure must a Texas real estate agent provide to all parties?

Which relationship allows a Texas broker to represent both buyer and seller with their consent?

A seller's agent in Texas owes which duty to buyers?

A Texas broker acting as an intermediary may NOT:

Arizona agency disclosure must be provided:

When must a sponsored licensee in Illinois provide the Agency Disclosure Act pamphlet to a prospective client?

An Illinois real estate licensee is showing properties to a prospective buyer. At what point must the licensee provide written agency disclosure?

According to Indiana's Agency Relationships in Real Estate Transactions Act, when must a licensee first provide the written agency disclosure to a prospective buyer or seller?

Sarah, a licensed Indiana broker, meets a prospective buyer named Marcus at an open house. Marcus asks Sarah several questions about the neighborhood and the list price of the home. At what point during this interaction is Sarah required to provide Marcus with the Indiana written agency disclosure?

Indiana broker Priya is hosting an open house for a listed property. A visitor named Greg asks Priya detailed questions about the seller's motivation to sell and the lowest price the seller would accept. Priya has not yet provided Greg with the written agency disclosure. Which of the following best describes Priya's obligations and risks in this situation under Indiana law?

Under Indiana's Agency Relationships in Real Estate Transactions Act, which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between the Indiana written agency disclosure and the establishment of an actual agency relationship?

Broker Lisa calls a homeowner named Mr. Chen to discuss listing his property. During the call, they discuss the general market conditions, the approximate value of Mr. Chen's home, and the services Lisa's firm provides. Mr. Chen has not yet signed a listing agreement. Under Indiana law, which of the following is true regarding the written agency disclosure?

Indiana broker Kevin is working with a buyer who is interested in a property listed by Kevin's own firm. Kevin's managing broker designates Kevin to represent the buyer and another broker in the firm to represent the seller. Under Indiana law, which of the following best describes this arrangement and its disclosure requirements?

Indiana broker Rachel is a buyer's agent representing David in purchasing a home. At the first showing, Rachel provides David with the Indiana written agency disclosure, which David signs. Later, the transaction involves a seller who is represented by Broker Paul. Paul never provided his seller client with an written agency disclosure. Under Indiana law, what is the consequence of Paul's failure?

Broker Michael is a licensed Indiana broker who also holds a real estate license in Ohio, where the entry-level license is called a 'salesperson.' Michael is working on an Indiana transaction and tells his client that he is a 'salesperson' acting as a buyer's agent. He provides the written agency disclosure listing his role as 'salesperson.' Which of the following is true under Indiana law?

Tom is a licensed Indiana broker working under Managing Broker Linda. Tom shows a home to a buyer client and provides the Indiana written agency disclosure. The buyer signs the form. Under Indiana law, who is responsible for retaining the signed disclosure form?

Under Indiana's Agency Relationships in Real Estate Transactions Act (IC 25-34.1-10), all of the following statements about the written agency disclosure are correct EXCEPT:

Broker Angela represents the seller in a residential transaction. Broker Derek, from a different firm, represents the buyer. When Derek brings his buyer client to view Angela's listing, which of the following correctly describes the agency disclosure obligations under Indiana law?

Under Washington's statutory agency framework (RCW 18.86), which of the following BEST describes the distinction between the duties owed to a 'client' versus the duties owed to a 'customer'?

Broker Maria meets a prospective buyer, Tom, at an open house. During their conversation, Tom mentions he is looking for a three-bedroom home in the $450,000 range and asks Maria several questions about the neighborhood. Under RCW 18.86, what is Maria's obligation at this point?

Under Washington's Law of Real Estate Agency (RCW 18.86), when must a licensee first provide the agency disclosure pamphlet to a prospective buyer or seller?

Washington licensee Fiona is a buyer's agent representing client Hector. During negotiations, the seller's agent asks Fiona whether Hector would be willing to waive the inspection contingency to make the offer more competitive. Hector has told Fiona in confidence that he is willing to waive inspection if necessary. Under RCW 18.86, what should Fiona do?

Washington broker Lisa is representing buyer Greg in his search for a home. Greg tells Lisa that he is going through a difficult divorce and urgently needs to purchase a home before a court deadline, and that he would pay almost any price to close quickly. Later, Lisa finds a property listed by her own brokerage, creating a potential dual agency situation. Under RCW 18.86, what must Lisa do before proceeding as a dual agent?

Washington's agency disclosure requirement under RCW 18.86 differs significantly from the approach used in most other states. Which statement BEST captures this Washington-specific distinction?

Washington broker Nina is a designated broker at a firm. Broker Alex, one of her affiliated brokers, represents seller Owen. Another affiliated broker at the same firm, Broker Beth, represents buyer Priya. Neither Alex nor Beth is representing both parties. Under RCW 18.86, which statement BEST describes this arrangement?

A Washington real estate licensee is working with a buyer who is looking for investment properties. The buyer has not signed a buyer-broker agreement. During their first meeting, the buyer shares his financial goals and asks the licensee to explain the difference between representing him as a client versus working with him as a customer. Under RCW 18.86, what is the licensee's FIRST obligation at this meeting?

Under Washington's Law of Real Estate Agency (RCW 18.86), which of the following is NOT a duty that a licensee owes to their client?

Washington broker James represents seller Patricia in listing her Bellevue condominium. A buyer's broker, Diana, contacts James to schedule a showing. During their phone call, Diana mentions that her buyer client is highly motivated and must close within 30 days due to a job relocation. James relays this information to Patricia. Under RCW 18.86, which statement BEST describes James's conduct?

Washington licensee Paul represents a buyer, Amy, under a written buyer-broker agreement. During a showing of a listed property, Paul meets the listing broker, Susan. Susan has never met Amy before and this is their first interaction about this specific transaction. Under RCW 18.86, what is Susan's obligation regarding the agency disclosure pamphlet?

A Washington licensee named Kevin receives a phone call from a seller, Linda, who wants to list her home. During the call, Linda describes the property and asks Kevin about his marketing plan and commission structure. Kevin schedules a listing appointment for the following day. Under RCW 18.86, when must Kevin provide the agency disclosure pamphlet to Linda?

Licensee Rachel is working at a real estate brokerage open house. A couple, the Garcias, walk in and begin asking Rachel about the home's price, the school district, and whether the sellers would accept a lower offer. Rachel answers their questions but does not provide the agency disclosure pamphlet. Later, the Garcias decide to make an offer and ask Rachel to represent them as their buyer's agent. Which statement BEST describes Rachel's situation?

In Washington State, the agency disclosure pamphlet required under RCW 18.86 is intended to inform consumers of which of the following?

Washington licensee Tom is contacted by email by a prospective seller, Helen, who asks general questions about the home selling process and current market conditions in her zip code. Tom responds with general market statistics and a description of the listing process. No specific property is discussed. Under RCW 18.86, has first substantive contact occurred that would require Tom to provide the agency disclosure pamphlet?

Washington licensee Carlos is a dual agent in a transaction where he represents both seller Maria and buyer David. David confides to Carlos that he is willing to pay up to $580,000 for the property, though his written offer is for $540,000. Maria has told Carlos she would accept $550,000. Under RCW 18.86, how must Carlos handle this confidential information?

Under Washington's Law of Real Estate Agency (RCW 18.86.060), which of the following is NOT a restriction placed on a licensee acting as a dual agent?

Broker Sandra is a seller's agent representing the Johnsons in the sale of their Seattle home. A prospective buyer, Mr. Chen, visits the property unrepresented and asks Sandra several questions about the home's condition and the sellers' motivation. Sandra shows him the property and discusses the neighborhood. Under Washington's agency law, which statement BEST describes Sandra's obligations to Mr. Chen?

In Indiana, the written agency disclosure must be provided:

Under Indiana law, which statement best describes the disclosure a broker must make about agency status?

In January 2026, Blake Lopez is reviewing Illinois rules on agency disclosures and compensation policy notices in Oak Park. Each statement below reflects the current Illinois rule EXCEPT:

During a brokerage meeting in Normal, Taylor Jenkins asks what Illinois requires a licensee to disclose to a client about compensation policy. What is the best answer under current Illinois law or practice?

In November 2026, Hayden Iverson asks when the dual-agency disclosure form must be presented to a client. What is the most accurate answer under current Illinois rules?

Which of the following statements about Illinois agency disclosure and compensation policy rules is NOT accurate?

In May 2026, Avery Foster plans to refer a client to a third-party service provider in which the licensee has an ownership interest. What is the most accurate answer under current Illinois rules?

For Illinois exam purposes, which statement about third party compensation and referral is correct in this agency disclosures and compensation policy notices context?

Under the Illinois Real Estate License Act, when is a sponsoring broker required to establish a brokerage relationship in a written brokerage agreement?

Under Illinois law, when must a sponsoring broker establish a brokerage relationship in writing?

Drew Hayes is reviewing an Illinois issue in Chicago. The person plans to refer a client to a third-party service provider in which the licensee has an ownership interest. Which statement best applies?

During a brokerage meeting in Decatur, Parker Foster is working with a consumer but no written agreement sets a different agency relationship. What is the best answer under current Illinois law or practice?

Under Illinois law, what must a licensee disclose to a client regarding the sponsoring broker's compensation?

Which of the following statements about Illinois agency disclosure and compensation requirements is NOT correct under current Illinois law?

During a brokerage meeting in Springfield, Riley Sullivan asks what Illinois requires a licensee to disclose to a client about compensation policy. What is the best answer under current Illinois law or practice?

During a brokerage meeting in Rockford, Parker Lopez asks when the dual-agency disclosure form must be presented to a client. What is the best answer under current Illinois law or practice?

In Peoria, an Illinois exam-prep memo in June 2026 gives this example: Morgan Diaz asks when a written brokerage agreement is required in Illinois. Which response is correct?

At a brokerage compliance review focused on agency disclosures and compensation policy notices in Winnebago County, these statements are discussed. Which statement below is NOT accurate for current Illinois practice or law?

Blake Owens is reviewing an Illinois issue in Bloomington. The person is working with a consumer but no written agreement sets a different agency relationship. Which statement best applies?

Which answer best states the Illinois rule on written brokerage agreement as tested in agency disclosures and compensation policy notices?

Blake Foster is reviewing an Illinois issue in Naperville. The person asks what Illinois requires a licensee to disclose to a client about compensation policy. Which statement best applies?

Under Illinois law, when must a brokerage present the dual-agency disclosure form to a client?

For the Maine Sales Agent law portion under Law of Agency/Brokerage, a brokerage agency enters into a brokerage agreement with a buyer or seller client. Which statement is correct?

West Virginia recognizes which agency relationships?

Dual agency in West Virginia requires:

West Virginia requires agency disclosure:

West Virginia continuing education requirements are:

West Virginia real estate licensees are regulated by the:

Nevada requires the Duties Owed disclosure:

West Virginia requires how many hours of pre-license education?

In Nevada, representing both parties requires:

Under Illinois real estate law, is every person who receives services from a licensee automatically considered a client?

Each of the following statements accurately describes Illinois agency law EXCEPT:

A sponsored licensee in Illinois begins working with a consumer, but no written brokerage agreement has been executed. Under the Illinois Real Estate License Act of 2000, how is that consumer classified by default?

Under Illinois law, is a consumer who receives services from a licensee always considered a client?

An Illinois licensee provides limited assistance that does not create an agency relationship. Which description identifies this type of ministerial act?

Under Illinois law, which statement most accurately describes the core duty structure a licensee owes to a represented client?

Each of the following statements accurately reflects Illinois law on agency relationships and written brokerage agreements EXCEPT:

An Illinois sponsoring broker is about to list an owner’s property and represent the owner in the transaction. What written step is required to establish that brokerage relationship?

Under the Illinois Real Estate License Act of 2000, which statement best defines a ministerial act?

Under the Illinois Real Estate License Act, which statement correctly describes what a licensee owes to a customer who is not represented by that licensee?

Under Illinois law, which statement best describes the core duties a licensee owes to a seller client?

Under Illinois law, what is the default agency relationship when a sponsoring broker begins working with a consumer and no written brokerage agreement specifies a different arrangement?

A brokerage office is reviewing statements about Illinois agency relationships and written brokerage agreements. Which of the following statements is NOT accurate under current Illinois law?

Under Illinois law, is every consumer who receives services from a licensee automatically treated as a client?

Under the Illinois Real Estate License Act, which of the following most accurately describes the core duties a licensee owes to a represented client?

Under Illinois real estate law, when must a sponsoring broker's brokerage relationship be documented in a written brokerage agreement?

Under Illinois law, what type of agency relationship applies by default when a sponsoring broker has not established a different relationship through a written brokerage agreement?

Under current Illinois real estate law and practice, which of the following statements about written brokerage agreements and agency duties is NOT accurate?

Under the Illinois Real Estate License Act of 2000, which of the following best defines a 'ministerial act'?

Under the Illinois Real Estate License Act of 2000, which statement most accurately describes when a written brokerage agreement is required?

Under Alabama law, when must a licensee first disclose their agency status to a prospective buyer who contacts them about a listed property?

Sales Associate Beth works for Frontier Realty in Lawton, Oklahoma. Beth has a signed buyer representation agreement with buyer Tom. While searching for properties, Tom becomes interested in a home listed by Beth's own broker at Frontier Realty. Beth's broker has a listing agreement with the seller of that property. Beth's broker designates Beth to represent Tom and designates another Sales Associate, Ryan, to represent the seller. Both parties consent in writing. Which statement correctly describes the resulting agency arrangement?

A buyer, Kenji, has signed a buyer's agency agreement with Salesperson Noa in Hawaii. Noa discovers that a property Kenji is interested in is a leasehold property with a ground lease expiring in 18 years. Noa knows that leasehold properties with short remaining terms can be difficult to finance and typically sell at a significant discount. What is Noa's obligation regarding this information?

Agent Rebecca represents seller Frank in the sale of his Warwick home. Buyer Gina contacts Rebecca directly, expressing strong interest in Frank's property. Rebecca has not yet disclosed her agency relationship to Gina. Under Rhode Island law, which of the following best describes Rebecca's current obligation and the risk she faces?

Buyer Tasha is working with Alabama licensee Victor, who has disclosed in writing that he represents the seller. Tasha has not signed any buyer agency agreement. Victor assists Tasha by answering her questions about the property and helping her schedule inspections, but he does not advocate for her negotiating position. Under Alabama law, what is Victor's relationship with Tasha?

Sales Associate Derek in Norman, Oklahoma is working with buyer Sandra to find a home. Derek has not signed a written buyer representation agreement with Sandra, but he has been showing her properties and providing advice for three weeks. Under Oklahoma agency law, which statement most accurately describes Derek's agency status with Sandra?

Under Oklahoma's agency disclosure requirements, when must a licensee provide the written agency disclosure to a prospective buyer who is being shown a listed property for the first time?

Under Alaska real estate regulations, what is the term for a licensee who represents BOTH the buyer and the seller in the same transaction with the written informed consent of both parties?

Salesperson Kai represents buyer Lena in Hawaii. During negotiations, Lena tells Kai that she is pre-approved for $800,000 but is willing to offer $750,000 first, hoping to negotiate up to $780,000 at most. The seller's agent, Broker Hana, asks Kai directly: 'What is the highest price your buyer will pay?' How should Kai respond?

Under Rhode Island's Agency Disclosure Act (§ 5-20.6), all of the following statements about dual agency are accurate EXCEPT:

Agent Diane at Oceanview Realty in Rhode Island represents buyer Kevin under a written buyer agency agreement. All of the following are fiduciary duties Diane owes Kevin as his buyer's agent EXCEPT:

Salesperson Aloha works for Broker Sunset Realty in Hawaii. Aloha has a buyer's agency agreement with client Mei. Broker Sunset Realty also has a listing agreement with seller Koa for a property Mei wants to buy. Broker Sunset Realty wants to proceed with designated agency. Which of the following correctly describes a key limitation that applies to the designated agents in this arrangement under Hawaii law?

Under Hawaii law, which of the following situations would NOT require a licensee to obtain informed written consent from both parties before proceeding with the transaction?

Broker Ikaika in Hawaii is approached by a buyer, Chen, who wants to purchase a property that Ikaika has listed. Ikaika explains the dual agency situation and both the seller and Chen provide their informed written consent. During negotiations, Chen asks Ikaika: 'Does the seller have any motivation to sell quickly — like a financial hardship or divorce?' What is Ikaika's obligation as a dual agent?

Broker Nani in Hawaii has a listing agreement with seller Tomoko. A buyer, Rafael, contacts Nani directly without any buyer's agent and wants to make an offer on Tomoko's property. Nani has not entered into a buyer's agency agreement with Rafael. After providing the required agency disclosure form, Rafael asks Nani to help him prepare an offer. In this situation, Nani is most likely acting in which capacity with respect to Rafael?

Agent Patel is a buyer's agent representing a couple relocating from Seattle to Anchorage. The couple asks Agent Patel to find them a property where they can elect into Alaska's optional community property system under the Alaska Community Property Act. The couple assumes Alaska is a mandatory community property state like Washington. What must Agent Patel communicate to the couple about Alaska's property ownership system?

Salesperson Keola is a buyer's agent in Hawaii. His client, buyer Priya, is interested in a leasehold property. The seller's agent informs Keola that the property is held under the Land Court system. Keola's client asks him to explain the difference between Land Court title and Regular System (Bureau of Conveyances) title. Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the distinction Keola should explain?

In Hawaii, Broker Alana's firm has a listing agreement with seller Makoa and a buyer's agency agreement with buyer Sasha. Both Makoa and Sasha are interested in the same property transaction. Alana wants to act as a dual agent. Under Hawaii law, which of the following steps is required BEFORE dual agency can proceed?

Broker Connie at Redlands Realty in Edmond, Oklahoma is personally representing both the seller and the buyer in the same transaction. Both parties have provided written informed consent after full disclosure. Which of the following statements correctly describes Connie's obligations in this dual agency arrangement under Oklahoma law?

Under South Dakota agency law, a seller's agent owes fiduciary duties to the seller. Which of the following is NOT a fiduciary duty owed by a seller's agent to the seller client?