A deed restriction in a 1960 subdivision states that property may be sold 'only to members of the Caucasian race.' A current owner lists the property for sale. Is this restriction enforceable?
Correct Answer
C) No, because racially discriminatory deed restrictions are unenforceable under the Fair Housing Act and the Supreme Court's decision in Shelley v. Kraemer
Racially restrictive covenants are unenforceable. The Supreme Court held in Shelley v. Kraemer (1948) that judicial enforcement of racially restrictive covenants violates the Equal Protection Clause. The Fair Housing Act of 1968 further prohibits racial discrimination in housing.
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Related Topics & Key Terms
Key Terms:
Related Concepts
An environmental impact statement (EIS) is a detailed report required for major federal projects or actions that may significantly affect the environment. It is mandated by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).
A nonconforming use is a property use that was legally established before a zoning change but no longer complies with the current zoning ordinance. It is commonly called a "grandfathered" use.
A planned unit development (PUD) is a zoning classification that allows mixed land uses (residential, commercial, recreational) within a single development with flexible zoning standards. Homeowners typically own their lot and share common areas.
More Land Use Controls Regulations Questions
The 'innocent landowner' defense under CERCLA requires:
A buyer purchases a home in a subdivision whose CC&Rs, recorded in 1975, limit each lot to single-family residential use. The buyer begins operating an auto body repair business out of the garage, with customer vehicles parked on the lot and a spray booth in the driveway. The CC&Rs say nothing about home-based businesses. Can the HOA stop the business?
Permission to depart from a requirement of the zoning ordinance for a single parcel is obtained through a:
Zoning ordinance compliance is monitored through:
The main difference between private and public land controls is:
- → A government plan guiding long-term physical development is:
- → A developer plans to build a new condominium complex. The developer must create and record certain governing documents before selling any units. What document is the foundation of the condominium's governance structure?
- → A homeowner in an HOA community wants to install solar panels on her roof. The CC&Rs do not address solar panels. The HOA's architectural review board denies the request, citing aesthetic concerns. In many jurisdictions, how do solar access laws affect this dispute?
- → In a planned community, what is the primary role of the homeowners' association (HOA)?
- → What does the term 'covenants, conditions, and restrictions' (CC&Rs) refer to in real estate?
- → When a zoning ordinance and a deed restriction both apply to the same property but impose different standards, which standard controls?
- → What does it mean when a deed restriction is said to 'run with the land'?
- → A real estate agent is explaining deed restrictions to a buyer. All of the following are common types of deed restrictions found in residential subdivisions EXCEPT.
- → A developer creates a 200-lot subdivision and records a declaration of CC&Rs before selling any lots. The CC&Rs include architectural review requirements, landscaping standards, and HOA membership obligations. When a buyer purchases Lot 45, how is the buyer bound by the CC&Rs?
- → A buyer's agent is reviewing the CC&Rs for a subdivision. All of the following provisions are typically found in CC&Rs EXCEPT.
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