An alert area is charted to inform pilots of a high volume of pilot training or unusual aerial activity, and it requires nothing beyond ordinary vigilance: no authorization, no clearance, no communication. All pilots operating in or near one, participating or not, remain equally responsible for collision avoidance, which is the point of charting it — the airspace is legally ordinary but statistically busy. Placing it within the family clarifies it. A prohibited area bars flight outright. A restricted area contains hazards and requires permission from the controlling agency when active. A warning area does the same over international waters, where the United States cannot prohibit flight. A military operations area advises of military training and is entered with caution. An alert area is the mildest of the charted categories, and a national security area is the odd one out, requesting voluntary avoidance rather than warning of activity.