PERSONAL AUTO POLICY · 5 MIN READ
Part A Liability: Limits, Exclusions, and Territory
Part A pays damages for bodily injury and property damage for which an insured becomes legally responsible because of an auto accident, and it funds defense costs in addition to the limit. Limits come in two shapes: split limits (a per-person bodily injury limit, a per-accident bodily injury limit, and a per-accident property damage limit) or a Combined Single Limit (CSL) that applies one pool to all BI and PD in an accident. Supplementary payments ride on top of the limit and include up to $250 for bail bonds required because of an accident, premiums on appeal bonds, loss of earnings for attending trials at the insurer's request, interest on judgments, and other reasonable expenses incurred at the insurer's request. The exclusions define the coverage's real shape. The furnished-or-available-for-regular-use exclusion removes vehicles the insured can use routinely but does not own — the classic examples are an employer-provided company car used for personal errands and a government-owned vehicle driven by a federal employee, where the agency's self-insurance and the Federal Tort Claims Act respond instead. PP 03 06 Extended Non-Owned Coverage buys this exclusion back for a named individual and family members. Other core exclusions bar public livery use (carrying persons or property for a fee — the exclusion that makes rideshare endorsements necessary), and any auto used in a prearranged or organized racing or speed contest, which applies even at sanctioned closed-track events and bars both Part A liability and Part D physical damage. Territory is jurisdictional: the PAP covers accidents in the United States, its territories and possessions, Puerto Rico, and Canada, plus a covered auto being transported between their ports. Mexico is NOT in the territory — border endorsements provide only narrow help. There is no federal compulsory auto liability statute; each state sets financial responsibility and minimum limits, and the PAP's Out-of-State Coverage clause automatically conforms Part A limits to the higher minimums of the state where the accident occurs.
Watch it instead: Part A: Limits, Killers, and Borders6:22 interactive video · pauses twice to check youKey rules
Split limits state per-person BI, per-accident BI, and per-accident PD; CSL is one pool
A CSL applies a single dollar amount to all bodily injury and property damage from one accident, while split limits cap each bucket separately.
Why the exam cares: Limit-application math with multiple injured claimants is a recurring calculation question.
Supplementary payments are in addition to limits, including up to $250 for bail bonds
Defense costs, appeal bond premiums, loss of earnings for requested court attendance, and reasonable expenses incurred at the insurer's request do not erode the liability limit.
Why the exam cares: The $250 bail figure and the on-top-of-limits treatment are precise facts distractors alter.
Vehicles furnished or available for regular use are excluded from liability coverage
Company cars and government-issued vehicles fail non-owned status; the employer's commercial policy or the government's self-insurance (FTCA for federal employees) responds. PP 03 06 removes the exclusion for a named individual.
Why the exam cares: The regular-use exclusion is the most tested Part A exclusion because it defeats candidates' intuition that all borrowed cars are covered.
Racing and public livery uses are excluded; rideshare needs an endorsement
Prearranged or organized speed contests are barred under Parts A and D even when sanctioned, and carrying persons or property for a fee is excluded, with modern vehicle-sharing endorsements carving back defined rideshare use.
Why the exam cares: Closed-track racing scenarios and rideshare fact patterns test whether candidates apply exclusions the insured might assume away.
The policy territory is the U.S., its territories, Puerto Rico, and Canada — not Mexico
Losses outside the territory are simply not covered; Out-of-State Coverage conforms limits to the loss state's higher minimums, and no federal statute compels personal auto liability insurance.
Why the exam cares: Territory questions and the state-based (not federal) compulsory insurance structure are reliable exam points.
Numbers to memorize
- $250 — supplementary payment cap for bail bonds required because of a covered accident
Common traps
- Confusing supplementary payments with the limit — remember defense costs, bail up to $250, and requested expenses are paid IN ADDITION to the liability limit, not out of it.
- Confusing a borrowed car with a regularly furnished one — remember occasional borrowing is a covered non-owned auto, but a company or government car available for regular use is excluded without PP 03 06.
- Confusing sanctioned racing with covered driving — remember the speed-contest exclusion bars Parts A and D even at organized closed-track events, not just illegal street races.
- Confusing Canada with Mexico — remember Canada is inside the PAP territory while Mexico is outside it, reachable only through limited border endorsements plus a Mexican-admitted policy.
Scan every Part A fact pattern for the four coverage killers — regular use, livery, racing, and territory — before doing any limits math.
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