A contractor working near the ocean in Hawaii must comply with coastal zone management regulations. What is typically required before beginning work within 100 feet of the shoreline?
Correct Answer
A) Special management area permit
Work within coastal zones in Hawaii typically requires a Special Management Area (SMA) permit in addition to other permits.
Why This Is the Correct Answer
Hawaii's Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) and county Special Management Area (SMA) rules require an SMA permit for development activities within the Special Management Area, which typically extends 100–1,000 feet inland from the shoreline depending on the county. The SMA permit evaluates the environmental, cultural, and visual impact of proposed work near the coast. This permit is in addition to standard building permits.
Why the Other Options Are Wrong
Option B: Environmental impact assessment only
An environmental impact assessment (EIA) may be required for large projects, but it is not a standalone substitute for the SMA permit. The SMA permit is the primary regulatory instrument for coastal zone work, and an EIA alone does not authorize construction.
Option C: Only a standard building permit
A standard building permit alone is not sufficient for work within the Special Management Area. The SMA permit is an additional, separate requirement specifically addressing coastal impacts and is required alongside any building permit.
Option D: Federal coastal permit only
A federal coastal permit alone (e.g., Army Corps of Engineers Section 404 permit for wetlands) addresses federal jurisdiction but does not satisfy Hawaii's state and county SMA permit requirements. Both federal and state/county permits may be needed, but the SMA permit is the Hawaii-specific requirement.
Memory Technique
Associate 'coast = SMA' — any time a Hawaii contractor works near the shoreline, think Special Management Area permit. The ocean triggers special rules beyond standard building permits.
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