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Appraisal Math & Statistics

Area and volume calculations, income capitalization math, depreciation calculations, adjustment techniques, paired sales analysis, and statistical concepts.

200 questions15% exam weight
Difficulty Breakdown
Easy75 (38%)
Medium93 (47%)
Hard32 (16%)

About Appraisal Math & Statistics on the Appraiser Exam

Appraisal Math & Statistics accounts for 15% of the National Uniform Licensing and Certification Exam, making it one of the most heavily weighted content areas. This section covers area and volume calculations, income capitalization math, depreciation calculations, adjustment techniques, paired sales analysis, and statistical concepts. Below you will find 200 free practice questions with detailed explanations to help you master this topic and pass the appraiser exam on your first attempt.

Practice Questions

What is the area of a triangular lot with a base of 120 feet and a height of 80 feet?

EASY

An irregular lot has the following measurements: Side A = 100', Side B = 150', Side C = 120', Side D = 180'. If the lot can be divided into two rectangles (100' Γ— 150' and 120' Γ— 30'), what is the total area?

MEDIUM

A property has a potential gross income of $180,000, vacancy and collection loss of 7%, and operating expenses of $65,000. What is the NOI?

MEDIUM

A property generates $120,000 in net operating income and is valued at $1,500,000. What is the capitalization rate?

MEDIUM

A building has potential gross income of $180,000, vacancy and collection loss of 8%, and operating expenses of $54,000. What is the net operating income?

MEDIUM

A building cost $2,500,000 to construct 8 years ago. Using straight-line depreciation over a 40-year life, what is the current depreciated value?

MEDIUM

An office building has a gross rental income of $240,000, vacancy rate of 8%, and operating expenses of $75,000. What is the net operating income (NOI)?

MEDIUM

A rectangular lot measures 150 feet by 200 feet. What is the area in square feet?

EASY

An irregular shaped lot has an area of 87,120 square feet. How many acres is this?

EASY

A triangular lot has a base of 120 feet and a height of 80 feet. What is the area in square feet?

EASY

A warehouse building measures 100 feet by 150 feet with a ceiling height of 20 feet. What is the total cubic volume?

EASY

A property sold for $450,000 and generates $3,750 in monthly gross rent. What is the gross rent multiplier (GRM)?

MEDIUM

A rectangular lot measures 150 feet by 200 feet. What is the area in acres?

EASY

The following sale prices were recorded: $245,000, $250,000, $250,000, $255,000, $280,000. What is the mode?

EASY

Using the band of investment method, calculate the overall capitalization rate given: mortgage rate 5.5%, loan-to-value ratio 75%, and equity yield rate 12%.

HARD

In a paired sales analysis, two similar properties differ only in that one has a garage and sold for $285,000, while the other without a garage sold for $270,000. What is the indicated adjustment for a garage?

EASY

A building has an annual net operating income of $125,000 and was purchased for $1,562,500. What is the capitalization rate?

EASY

Using the band of investment method, calculate the overall capitalization rate given: mortgage component 75% at 6.5% rate, equity component 25% at 12% rate.

MEDIUM

The following sale prices were recorded: $285,000, $295,000, $285,000, $305,000, $275,000. What is the median sale price?

MEDIUM

A property has a replacement cost of $1,800,000. Physical deterioration is estimated at $200,000, functional obsolescence at $150,000, and external obsolescence at $100,000. What is the depreciated value using the breakdown method?

HARD

A building has an effective age of 15 years and a total economic life of 60 years. Using the age-life method, what is the depreciation percentage?

MEDIUM

A property sold for $450,000 and generates monthly rental income of $3,750. What is the gross rent multiplier (GRM)?

MEDIUM

Using the age-life method, what is the depreciation percentage for a building that is 15 years old with an economic life of 60 years?

EASY

What is the present value of $150,000 to be received in 5 years, assuming a discount rate of 8%?

HARD

A property has potential gross income of $180,000, vacancy and collection loss of 5%, and operating expenses of $54,000. What is the net operating income?

MEDIUM

What statistical measure represents the middle value when data points are arranged in order from lowest to highest?

EASY

A comparable property sold for $425,000 but has a pool valued at $25,000 that the subject property lacks. The comparable also lacks central air conditioning valued at $8,000 that the subject has. What is the adjusted sale price?

MEDIUM

A building has an effective age of 15 years and a total economic life of 50 years. Using the age-life method, what is the percentage of accrued depreciation?

EASY

A building cost $2,000,000 to construct 10 years ago. Using straight-line depreciation over a 40-year life, what is the current depreciated value?

MEDIUM

In a paired sales analysis, Property A sold for $325,000 with a two-car garage, and Property B sold for $310,000 without a garage. All other features are similar. What is the indicated adjustment for a garage?

EASY

In the extraction method of estimating depreciation, if the land value is $200,000, the sale price is $750,000, and the replacement cost new is $800,000, what is the amount of depreciation?

HARD

A comparable property sold for $350,000 but has a swimming pool worth $15,000 that the subject property lacks. What is the adjusted sale price for comparison purposes?

MEDIUM

A property is purchased for $800,000 with a $600,000 loan. What is the loan-to-value ratio?

EASY

A commercial property has an annual NOI of $85,000 and annual debt service of $65,000. What is the debt coverage ratio?

MEDIUM

A triangular lot has a base of 100 feet and a height of 80 feet. What is the area in square feet?

EASY

A warehouse measures 200 feet by 150 feet with a ceiling height of 24 feet. What is the total volume?

EASY

An investor purchased a property for $900,000 with $270,000 cash down. The annual cash flow before taxes is $24,300. What is the equity dividend rate?

MEDIUM

What is the gross rent multiplier (GRM) for a property that sold for $480,000 with monthly rental income of $3,200?

EASY

An irregular shaped lot has the following measurements: Side A = 100 feet, Side B = 150 feet, Side C = 120 feet, Side D = 180 feet. If the lot can be divided into two rectangles measuring 100' Γ— 150' and 120' Γ— 30', what is the total area?

MEDIUM

A property generates annual cash flow of $24,000 to equity. The initial equity investment was $200,000. What is the equity dividend rate?

MEDIUM

The sale prices of five comparable properties are: $245,000, $252,000, $248,000, $260,000, and $250,000. What is the median sale price?

EASY

An income stream of $50,000 per year for 10 years, with a discount rate of 8%, has what present value? (Use PV factor of 6.71)

HARD

A property has a loan of $800,000 and an appraised value of $1,000,000. What is the loan-to-value ratio?

EASY

A property is valued at $800,000 with a loan amount of $640,000. What is the loan-to-value ratio?

EASY

Using the band of investment method, if the mortgage component is 75% at 6% and the equity component is 25% at 12%, what is the overall capitalization rate?

HARD

A commercial property has annual gross income of $240,000 and sold for $2,000,000. What is the gross income multiplier (GIM)?

MEDIUM

The range of sale prices for comparable properties is $45,000. If the lowest sale price is $235,000, what is the highest sale price?

EASY

A property generates $95,000 in potential gross income. With a 7% vacancy rate and $28,000 in operating expenses, what capitalization rate is indicated if the property is worth $550,000?

HARD

A property has annual debt service of $85,000 and net operating income of $110,000. What is the debt coverage ratio?

MEDIUM

What is the capitalization rate for a property that sold for $1,500,000 with an annual NOI of $120,000?

EASY

+ 150 more questions

Study Tips for Math & Stats
  • β€’Master the three approaches to value (sales comparison, cost, income) and know when each applies
  • β€’Understand USPAP (Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice) requirements thoroughly β€” they are heavily tested
  • β€’Practice appraisal math problems including capitalization rates, GRM, adjustments, and depreciation calculations
  • β€’Review wrong answers and their explanations β€” understanding why an answer is incorrect is as valuable as knowing the right one
  • β€’Allocate study time based on topic weights β€” Math & Stats is 15% of the exam, so plan accordingly

Frequently Asked Questions

How many questions cover Appraisal Math & Statistics on the appraiser exam?

Appraisal Math & Statistics accounts for 15% of the National Uniform Licensing and Certification Exam. The exam typically contains around 125 questions, so approximately 19 questions will come from this topic area.

What is tested in Appraisal Math & Statistics on the appraiser exam?

Appraisal Math & Statistics covers area and volume calculations, income capitalization math, depreciation calculations, adjustment techniques, paired sales analysis, and statistical concepts. Questions test both theoretical knowledge and practical application of appraisal concepts.

How should I study for Math & Stats?

Start by reviewing the key concepts and terminology, then practice with scenario-based questions. EstatePass offers 200 free practice questions for Appraisal Math & Statistics with detailed explanations. Focus on understanding the reasoning behind each answer, not just memorizing facts.

What percentage of the appraiser exam is Math & Stats?

Appraisal Math & Statistics represents 15% of the exam, making it a significant content area. Allocate your study time proportionally to each topic's weight for the best results.

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