Valuation and Market Analysis: In-Depth Guide for Virginia
Valuation and Market Analysis is a critical topic that covers how property value is determined. Every real estate agent needs to understand the three approaches to value and when each is most appropriate: the Sales Comparison Approach for residential properties, the Cost Approach for unique or new properties, and the Income Approach for investment properties.
The Sales Comparison Approach is the most commonly used method for residential properties. Master the adjustment process — you always adjust comparable properties to the subject, adding value for features the comparable lacks and subtracting for features the subject lacks. Remember: "CBS" — Comparable Better, Subtract; Comparable Worse, Add (or the more intuitive "CIA" — Comparable Inferior, Add).
Understanding depreciation is essential for the Cost Approach: physical deterioration (wear and tear), functional obsolescence (outdated design), and economic/external obsolescence (caused by factors outside the property). Know that physical deterioration can be curable or incurable, while economic obsolescence is always incurable. For the Income Approach, master the cap rate formula (Cap Rate = NOI ÷ Value) and the GRM formula (GRM = Price ÷ Gross Rent).
For Virginia-specific regulations, consult the Virginia exam prep guide and practice with our Valuation and Market Analysis practice questions.