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Texas groundwater rights follow the rule of:

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Question & Answer

Review the question and all answer choices

A

Prior appropriation

Prior appropriation is incorrect because Texas does not follow the 'first in time, first in right' system for groundwater. This system, common in western states for surface water, grants rights based on historical use rather than land ownership.

B

Capture (landowner owns water beneath their land)

Correct Answer
C

Riparian rights

Riparian rights are incorrect because Texas does not recognize this doctrine for groundwater. Riparian rights, common in eastern states, grant landowners along watercourses certain rights to reasonable use of the water, which doesn't apply to most groundwater situations in Texas.

D

Federal water law

Federal water law is incorrect because groundwater regulation is primarily a state matter in the U.S. While federal laws may impact some water uses, Texas groundwater rights are governed by state law and court decisions, not federal statutes.

Why is this correct?

Texas follows the rule of capture for groundwater, which means landowners own the water beneath their property and can extract it even if it depletes neighboring wells. This unique doctrine, established in Texas case law, grants landowners significant rights to pump groundwater without liability for removing water from beneath adjacent properties.

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