Spot Zoning
Definition
Spot zoning is an illegal or improper rezoning of a small parcel of land that is inconsistent with the surrounding zoning and the comprehensive plan. It benefits an individual owner rather than the community as a whole.
Example
A city council member rezones a single lot in a residential neighborhood to commercial so that a political supporter can build a gas station. Neighboring homeowners challenge the rezoning in court as illegal spot zoning because it is inconsistent with the area's comprehensive plan.
Exam Tip
Spot zoning is generally considered ILLEGAL on the exam. The key test is whether the rezoning benefits the individual or the community and whether it aligns with the COMPREHENSIVE PLAN. If a question describes rezoning one small parcel inconsistently with surrounding uses to benefit one owner, the answer is spot zoning.
Related Land Use Terms
Zoning
Zoning is the government's division of land into districts with specific permitted uses such as residential, commercial, industrial, or agricultural. It is the most common exercise of police power over private property.
Variance
A variance is an authorized deviation from the existing zoning ordinance granted to a property owner who demonstrates unique hardship. It allows a use or structure that would otherwise violate the current zoning rules.
Conditional Use Permit
A conditional use permit (also called a special use permit) allows a land use that is not automatically permitted by zoning but may be allowed under certain conditions. The use must be compatible with the surrounding area.
Nonconforming Use (Grandfathered)
A nonconforming use is a property use that was legally established before a zoning change but no longer complies with the current zoning ordinance. It is commonly called a "grandfathered" use.
Building Codes
Building codes are government regulations that set minimum standards for construction, materials, design, and safety in buildings. They protect public health and safety by ensuring structures are built to acceptable standards.
Certificate of Occupancy
A certificate of occupancy (CO) is an official document issued by the local building department certifying that a building complies with building codes and is safe for occupancy. It is required before a building can be legally occupied.
Frequently Asked Questions
Test Your Land Use Knowledge
Practice with exam-style questions to make sure you can apply Spot Zoning and other land use concepts.