Environmental Impact Statement
Definition
An environmental impact statement (EIS) is a detailed report required for major federal projects or actions that may significantly affect the environment. It is mandated by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).
Example
A proposed interstate highway expansion would cut through wetlands and wildlife habitat. Before construction can begin, an environmental impact statement must be prepared analyzing the environmental effects, exploring alternative routes, and proposing ways to minimize damage.
Exam Tip
Remember NEPA requires the EIS for FEDERAL projects or projects requiring federal permits/funding. The exam tests that EIS is federal, not state or local (though states may have similar requirements). An EIS does not necessarily STOP a project — it just requires the environmental effects to be studied and disclosed.
Related Land Use Terms
Zoning
Zoning is the government's division of land into districts with specific permitted uses such as residential, commercial, industrial, or agricultural. It is the most common exercise of police power over private property.
Variance
A variance is an authorized deviation from the existing zoning ordinance granted to a property owner who demonstrates unique hardship. It allows a use or structure that would otherwise violate the current zoning rules.
Conditional Use Permit
A conditional use permit (also called a special use permit) allows a land use that is not automatically permitted by zoning but may be allowed under certain conditions. The use must be compatible with the surrounding area.
Nonconforming Use (Grandfathered)
A nonconforming use is a property use that was legally established before a zoning change but no longer complies with the current zoning ordinance. It is commonly called a "grandfathered" use.
Building Codes
Building codes are government regulations that set minimum standards for construction, materials, design, and safety in buildings. They protect public health and safety by ensuring structures are built to acceptable standards.
Certificate of Occupancy
A certificate of occupancy (CO) is an official document issued by the local building department certifying that a building complies with building codes and is safe for occupancy. It is required before a building can be legally occupied.
Frequently Asked Questions
Test Your Land Use Knowledge
Practice with exam-style questions to make sure you can apply Environmental Impact Statement and other land use concepts.