In a metes and bounds description, the term 'metes' refers to:
Correct Answer
B) Distances and directions
In metes and bounds descriptions, 'metes' refers to distances and directions (measurements), while 'bounds' refers to natural and artificial landmarks or boundaries. Together they provide a complete legal description.
Why This Is the Correct Answer
Option B is correct because 'metes' literally means measurements in surveying terminology. In a metes and bounds description, the 'metes' portion provides the specific distances (such as '100 feet' or '50 chains') and directions (such as 'North 45 degrees East' or 'bearing S 30° W') that define each segment of the property boundary. These precise measurements allow surveyors to recreate the exact property boundaries mathematically. The word 'metes' derives from the Latin word 'meta' meaning measure, which reinforces its connection to quantitative measurements rather than physical landmarks.
Why the Other Options Are Wrong
Option A: Natural and artificial landmarks
Option A describes 'bounds' rather than 'metes' - bounds are the natural and artificial landmarks like rivers, roads, stone walls, or trees that serve as reference points and boundary markers in the description.
Option C: Survey monuments
Survey monuments are physical markers placed by surveyors, which would fall under the 'bounds' category rather than 'metes' - they are reference points, not measurements themselves.
Option D: Property corners
Property corners are specific points where boundary lines meet, which are part of the 'bounds' system as they represent physical locations rather than the measurements between those locations.
METES = MEASUREMENTS
Remember: METES sounds like METERS (a unit of measurement). Think 'METES = MEASUREMENTS' - both start with 'ME' and relate to numbers, distances, and directions. BOUNDS = BOUNDARIES (physical things you can see).
How to use: When you see a question about metes and bounds, immediately think 'METES = MEASUREMENTS' and look for the answer choice that mentions distances, directions, or numerical values rather than physical objects or landmarks.
Exam Tip
If you see 'metes and bounds' on the exam, quickly write 'METES = measurements/distances/directions' and 'BOUNDS = landmarks/boundaries' in your margin to avoid confusion between the two terms.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- -Confusing 'metes' with 'bounds' and thinking metes refer to landmarks
- -Assuming both terms mean the same thing
- -Thinking metes refers to survey monuments rather than the measurements between them
Concept Deep Dive
Analysis
Metes and bounds is one of the oldest methods of property description, dating back to colonial times and still used today, particularly in the eastern United States. This system creates a legal description by starting at a known point and following a series of measurements and directions around the property's perimeter until returning to the starting point. The term 'metes' specifically refers to the quantitative aspects - the precise measurements of distance and directional bearings that surveyors use to map property boundaries. Understanding the distinction between 'metes' (measurements) and 'bounds' (physical markers) is crucial for interpreting legal descriptions and understanding how properties are legally defined.
Background Knowledge
Metes and bounds descriptions work in conjunction with other elements including a point of beginning (POB), calls (the individual measurement segments), and closure (returning to the starting point). This system contrasts with other legal description methods like the rectangular survey system (government survey) and lot and block descriptions used in subdivisions.
Real-World Application
When appraising rural or irregularly shaped properties, appraisers frequently encounter metes and bounds descriptions in deeds and surveys. Understanding these descriptions is essential for determining exact property boundaries, calculating acreage, and identifying any potential boundary disputes that could affect property value.
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