All of the following are sufficient to transfer an interest in real estate, except:
Question & Answer
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A lease.
A lease does transfer an interest in real property — specifically a leasehold estate — granting the tenant the right to possess and use the property for a defined term, which is a recognized real property interest under California Civil Code.
A dee
A deed is the primary and most direct instrument for transferring legal title to real property, conveying the grantor's interest to the grantee upon delivery and acceptance, making it clearly sufficient to transfer a real estate interest.
A bill of sale.
A bill of sale is typically used for personal property, but in the context of real estate transactions it can transfer personal property components (such as appliances or business assets) that accompany a property sale; however, the question's inclusion of it as 'sufficient' refers to its role in transferring any recognized interest, which it does for personal property attached to a transaction.
d. A contract of sale.
Why is this correct?
A contract of sale is a bilateral agreement obligating a seller to transfer and a buyer to purchase property, but it is merely an executory contract — it does not, by itself, transfer any legal interest in real property. Under California law, actual transfer of title requires a valid deed delivered and accepted, a court order, operation of law, or similar formal conveyance. The contract of sale is a prerequisite to the deed, not a substitute for it.
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