Which of the following is required for a valid contract in California?

Witness signatures are not required for basic contract validity in California. While some contracts may benefit from witnesses, their absence doesn't invalidate a contract. This misconception confuses contract formation with requirements for specific document types like wills.

Notarization is not required for contract validity. While notarization may authenticate signatures and be required for certain documents like deeds, it doesn't affect whether a contract itself is valid.

Recording refers to placing documents in the public record, typically for property deeds. Recording affects priority and notice but isn't required for contract formation, which occurs when parties agree to terms.