Real Property Law

In Alberta, a property owner grants a restrictive covenant that limits the use of the land to residential purposes. Which of the following is required for the covenant to 'run with the land' and bind future owners?

In Alberta, who generally owns the mineral rights beneath a property?

Under Alberta's Land Titles Act, what is an encumbrance?

Under the Alberta Condominium Property Act, what document creates a condominium corporation?

Under the Alberta Land Titles Act, what does 'indefeasibility of title' mean?

An Alberta condominium corporation has approved a large special levy for major repairs. A buyer wants to confirm exactly what amounts the seller's unit owes the corporation. Under the Condominium Property Act, which document certifies these amounts?

In BC, what is the effect of registering an easement against the title of the servient tenement at the Land Title Office?

A purchaser acquires Alberta land from a seller who obtained title through fraud. The purchaser had no knowledge of the fraud, paid fair value and registered the transfer. Under the Land Titles Act, what is the purchaser's legal position?

Which BC statute primarily governs the registration of land titles and the concept of indefeasibility?

In BC, what happens to a fee simple estate when the registered owner dies without a will and without any heirs?

What is a Section 219 covenant under BC's Land Title Act?

Under the Strata Property Act, which body is responsible for managing the day-to-day affairs of a strata corporation?

Residential developments on First Nations reserve land in BC are typically held by purchasers under which type of tenure?

A restrictive covenant registered against a BC property prohibits commercial use. The current owner wants to open a home-based business. Under the Property Law Act, what is the owner's best legal avenue to remove or modify this covenant?

A strata corporation in BC wants to make a significant change to the common property by converting a recreation room into two additional parking stalls. Under the Strata Property Act, what resolution is required?

What is the most common form of freehold estate in British Columbia?

Under section 23(2) of BC's Land Title Act, which of the following is NOT an exception to the conclusiveness of an indefeasible title?

How are multi-unit residential developments primarily governed in British Columbia?

What is a 'statutory building scheme' in BC property law?

Which of the following best describes an easement in BC property law?

For 25 years a neighbour has openly used and maintained a strip of a BC homeowner's lot as a garden, without permission. The lot has had a registered indefeasible title for decades. Under the Land Title Act, can the neighbour acquire title to the strip by adverse possession?

In Ontario's condominium system, what happens if a unit owner fails to pay monthly common expenses for an extended period?

A declarant sells enough units in a new Ontario condominium that, on June 1, it no longer owns a majority of the units. Under the Condominium Act, 1998, by when must the board elected while the declarant held the majority call the meeting to elect a new board?

In a bare land condominium development in Alberta, what distinguishes it from a conventional condominium?

A condominium corporation in Alberta is responsible for which of the following under the Condominium Property Act?

In a condominium ownership structure, what does a unit owner actually own?

An Alberta condominium board wants to raise $500,000 through a special levy to build a new amenity room on the common property, which is a capital improvement. Under the Condominium Property Act, what owner approval is required before the board can approve the levy?

An Alberta condominium corporation wants to end the condominium status of its building so the property can be sold to a developer. Under the Condominium Property Act, how can condominium status be terminated?

An Ontario condominium declaration allocates Unit 15A a 1.2% share of the common expenses. The corporation's annual budgeted common expenses are $600,000. What does Unit 15A contribute each year, and how many votes does the unit carry at owners' meetings?

Under the Condominium Act, 1998 (Ontario), what share of the units' owners must vote in favour to approve a substantial addition, alteration or improvement to the common elements?

A condominium declaration contains a restriction prohibiting pets. A unit owner argues this restriction is invalid because it wasn't included in the original purchase agreement. What is the likely outcome?

An Ontario condominium owner asked to examine the corporation's records, and the board refused. Which body hears the owner's application to resolve this records dispute?

A Toronto condominium owner tells the board she will stop paying her common expenses because she never uses the gym and has a water-damage claim against the corporation. Under the Condominium Act, 1998, what is her position?

In Ontario, which set of items must be in place before a condominium declaration and description can be registered under the Condominium Act, 1998?

An Ontario condominium board wants to add a restriction on the use of the common elements, such as party-room hours, without holding an owners' vote to confirm it and without registering anything on title. Which instrument can the board use?

A developer wants each residential unit in a new Ontario condominium to have a parking space and a storage locker that remain part of the common elements but that only that unit's owner may use. How should these areas be legally structured?

The declaration of a 100-unit Ontario condominium sets each unit's share of the common expenses in proportion to floor area. Unit 45 has 1,200 square feet and all units together total 120,000 square feet. What percentage of the common expenses is allocated to Unit 45?

In a condominium corporation, who is responsible for maintaining the building's roof and exterior walls?

A developer is creating an Ontario condominium with both residential and commercial units and wants the commercial units to pay a larger share of the common expenses and to carry more votes. Under the Condominium Act, 1998, which part of this plan is permitted?

An Ontario condominium corporation proposes to amend its declaration to change the percentages in which owners contribute to the common expenses. Under the Condominium Act, 1998, what written owner consent does the amendment need?

A buyer asks her salesperson what kind of corporation governs the vacant land condominium development she is considering. Under the Condominium Act, 1998, how is a vacant land condominium corporation classified?

In British Columbia, what document must be filed with the Land Title Office to create a strata corporation under the Strata Property Act?

What is the main difference between cooperative ownership and condominium ownership?

Which of the following best describes the ownership structure in a housing cooperative?

Which of the following best describes the key difference between cooperative ownership and condominium ownership?

A developer wants to create a residential complex where residents own shares in a corporation that owns the entire building. What type of ownership structure is this?

In a housing cooperative, what is the typical ownership structure for members?

A cooperative housing corporation in Ontario faces financial difficulties and defaults on its mortgage. What happens to the individual shareholders' rights to their units?

What is the key difference between a condominium and a cooperative housing arrangement?

In a housing cooperative, what type of interest does a member typically hold?

What is a key characteristic of cooperative ownership in real estate?

The board of a non-profit housing co-operative in Ontario wants to terminate a member's membership and occupancy rights for persistent breaches of the co-op's by-laws. What process does the Co-operative Corporations Act require?

A property owner grants a life estate to their spouse with remainder to their children. What happens if one of the children dies before the life tenant?

What is the primary legal difference between a right-of-way easement and a restrictive covenant?

A property is held by three individuals as joint tenants. One joint tenant secretly sells their interest to an outside party without informing the other joint tenants. What is the legal result of this transaction?

Sarah owns a life estate in a property with her son John as the remainderman. Sarah wants to sell the property to pay for medical expenses. What are her rights?

What type of estate gives the holder the greatest bundle of rights in real property?

In Ontario, which document is registered to grant an easement over land in the Land Titles system?

Which estate in land provides the most complete ownership rights?

A property owner grants their neighbor a right-of-way across their land to access a public road. This right-of-way would be classified as:

Sarah owns a life estate in a property with her nephew Tom named as the remainderman. If Sarah wants to mortgage the property to renovate the kitchen, what limitation does she face?

What is the primary difference between a dominant and servient tenement in an easement relationship?

What happens to a life estate when the life tenant dies?

What is the key difference between a freehold estate and a leasehold estate?

A property is granted "to Mary for life, then to her children who reach age 25, but if no child reaches 25, then to the Canadian Cancer Society." What estate does Mary hold?

A property owner grants a life estate to their spouse with remainder to their children. When the spouse dies, what happens to the property?

What type of estate in land provides the owner with the greatest bundle of rights and longest duration of ownership?

An owner grants land 'to Maria for life, then to her children, but if the land is ever used for commercial purposes, the grantor may re-enter and take it back.' What interest does Maria hold?

What type of estate in land gives the holder the greatest bundle of rights and is potentially infinite in duration?

A property owner grants a life estate to their spouse with remainder to their children. What happens to the property when the spouse dies?

What type of estate in land provides the owner with the greatest bundle of rights and most complete ownership?

A property owner grants a neighbor the right to cross their land to access a public road. This arrangement creates what type of interest in land?

A property owner grants a life estate to their adult child with remainder to their grandchild. If the child dies before the grandchild, what happens to the property?

Sarah discovers that her neighbor has been using a portion of her backyard as a garden for 15 years without permission. Under Ontario's Real Property Limitations Act, what legal concept might apply?

Under Alberta's Land Titles Act, a caveat has been filed against a property. What is the primary legal effect of this registration?

In British Columbia's land title system, what step actually passes the transferor's estate in the land to the transferee?

Under Ontario's Land Titles Act, what happens when there is a conflict between a registered owner and someone claiming adverse possession?

Under the Torrens system, which of the following interests would typically NOT be covered by the government's title guarantee?

Under the Torrens system of land registration, what is the primary characteristic that distinguishes it from the Registry system?

Under Ontario's Registry system, a purchaser discovers an unregistered deed that predates their registered deed. What is the likely outcome?

What is the primary advantage of the Torrens title system over the Registry system?

Under Ontario's Land Titles system, what is the primary benefit of registered title ownership?

Under the Torrens system, a property developer fraudulently obtains title to land by forging documents and then sells it to three different innocent purchasers in quick succession before the fraud is discovered. How does the system resolve competing claims between the innocent purchasers?

Under Ontario's Land Titles system, what is the primary benefit of registration compared to the Registry system?

Under the Registry system, a purchaser discovers an unregistered mortgage that predates their registered deed. The mortgage was properly executed but never registered. What is the legal effect?

In British Columbia, what is conclusive evidence of ownership under the Land Title Act?

In Alberta's land titles system, a caveat claiming an unregistered interest is registered against a property. The registered owner wishes to sell, but the caveator refuses to withdraw the caveat. Which remedy is available to the owner?

In Ontario's Land Titles system, what happens when a transfer of land is registered?

A property is registered under British Columbia's Land Title Act with a restrictive covenant limiting use to residential purposes only. A subsequent owner wants to operate a home business. What is the legal effect of this covenant?

In the Torrens system, what is the legal effect of the 'curtain principle'?

Under the BC Land Title Act, what is the primary advantage of the Torrens title system over the Registry system?

Under Ontario's Land Titles Act, which of the following interests would typically NOT appear on a certificate of title?

Land has been in Ontario's Land Titles system for 40 years. A neighbour has openly used a path across it for the last 25 years without any registered easement. What is the effect under the Land Titles Act?

A property is registered under the Land Titles system with a legal description that incorrectly includes an additional 2 meters of the neighboring property. What is the most likely outcome?

Under Alberta's Land Titles Act, what is the effect of a caveat registered against a title while the caveat remains in force?

In Alberta's Land Titles system, what is the significance of the 'mirror principle'?

In Alberta's Land Titles system, if there is a conflict between an interest registered on title and an unregistered interest, which generally takes priority?

A person claims to be the true owner of land in Ontario's Land Titles system, but someone else is shown as the registered owner. What is the general position under the Land Titles Act?

In British Columbia's Land Title system, what is the effect of registering a mortgage against a property?

Under Alberta's Land Titles Act, which interest binds a later purchaser even though it does not appear on the certificate of title?

In British Columbia's Land Title system, what is the effect of a caveat on a property title?

A buyer who is not a first-time purchaser buys a single-family home in Toronto for $800,000. How much Toronto Municipal Land Transfer Tax (MLTT) is payable?

Under Ontario's Land Transfer Tax Act, when is the provincial land transfer tax payable?

A qualifying first-time home buyer purchases a $600,000 single-family home in Toronto as their principal residence. After the provincial refund and the Toronto rebate, how much land transfer tax is payable?

A life tenant in a life estate has which of the following obligations regarding the property?

Which of the following best describes the key difference between condominium ownership and cooperative ownership?

Under TRESA and RECO regulations, what must a real estate registrant do when they discover a potential title defect during a transaction?

Under BC's Property Transfer Tax Act, which of the following transfers would be exempt from property transfer tax? Assume every individual is a Canadian citizen.

In an Ontario Registry system area, a buyer pays value for a lot and registers the deed, with no actual notice of an easement granted earlier by a written instrument that was never registered. What is the buyer's position?

Under the BC Strata Property Act, what vote is required at a general meeting to amend the bylaws of a strata corporation made up entirely of residential strata lots?

Owners of a BC strata with 60 strata lots want to wind up the strata with a liquidator and sell the land to a developer. Under the Strata Property Act, what is required?

In a Torrens title system, what is the legal effect of registration of an instrument affecting land?

Under the Torrens system, what does 'indefeasibility of title' mean?